Phytochemical Composition and Evaluation of The Anti- Hyperglycemic Activity of The Ethanol Extract of Anisopus Mannii (Sakayau)  Stem And Leaves.

Author: Abubakar Adamu Akuyam
Co-Author: I.Y. Chindo, D.E.A. Boryo
Country : Nigeria
Subject : Chemistry

Abstract
Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder prevailing among people with ageing and sedentary lifestyle associated with rapidly growing urbanization and industrialization. Medical plants used by folklore have been a source of relief in contorting different types of diabetes all over the world. At this present time, the uses of these herbal drugs are growing at high pace because of their cost effectiveness and less side effects over synthetic hypoglycemic drugs. This study has identified the phytochemical constituents of Anisopus mannii stem and leaves powdered and ethanol extract samples. The following phytochemicals are present anthraquinones, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins and alkaloids but alkaloids were absent in the ethanol extract sample and steroids were absent in both samples. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography (CC) were performed on the ethanol extract. Three fractions were obtained from the thin layer chromatography and column chromatography of the ethanol extract of the plant. The anti-hyperglycemic activity was investigated by studying the effect of the crude ethanol extract of the plant in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Fifteen male rats were randomly distributed into three groups of five rats each. Normal and diabetes control (groups A and B), which were given distilled water. While diabetes treated (group C) were given 400 mg/kg body weight of the ethanol extract of the plant. All administrations (oral) were carried out daily for 28 days using gavage. Fasting blood glucose and body weight were also recorded at intervals of 7 days. A significant difference was observed on body weight and fasting blood glucose concentration of diabetes treated rats compared to diabetes control rats. The ethanol extract has reverse the effect of alloxan on body weight and fasting blood glucose concentration of the diabetes treatedrats.

Keywords: phytochemicals constituents, alloxan-induced, anti-hyperglycemic activity